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Microwave-assisted synthesis of chitosan-hydroxyapatite composite from eggshells and its adsorption properties

Meta F. Rizkiana^*, Zakia A. Salsabila, Rana I. Aulia, Helda W. Amini, Bekti Palupi, Istiqomah Rahmawati, Boy A. Fachri

 
ABSTRACT:      One of the successful methods for dye removal is adsorption. Utilizing eggshells as a bioadsorbent is an interesting approach to decrease negative environmental impacts and improve the economic value of this waste material. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a valuable biomaterial that can be derived from chicken eggshells using microwave irradiation synthesis. This study combined chitosan (CS) with HA using the precipitation method to develop CS-HA composite, a promising adsorbent with high adsorption capacity for dyes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were conducted to determine the composite biomaterials? morphology and functional groups. The results showed that the biomaterials particles exhibit a grain-like morphology with agglomerated spherical-shaped nanoparticles. The characteristic functional groups corresponding to HA and CS were identified and disclosed the successful synthesis of a biocomposite, the CS-HA. Adsorption capacity toward methylene blue of the CS-HA was investigated to discover its adsorption properties. The results showed that the equilibrium adsorption capacity of CS-HA was 11.0 mg/g, and its adsorption isotherm model was consistent with the Freundlich adsorption model. In addition, thermodynamic tests confirmed that the adsorption process of CS-HA was exothermic and spontaneous, with superior adsorption performance at low temperatures.

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* Corresponding author, E-mail: metafitririzkiana@unej.ac.id

Received 15 Dec 2022, Accepted 5 Mar 2024