Research articles
ScienceAsia 49 (2023):ID 744-753 |doi:
10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2023.074
Evaluation of the agronomic and genotypic diversity of
Thailand local rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties under lowland
conditions
Possawat Narumola, Witthawad Phormmarda, Wanchana Aesomnukb, Tanee Sreewongchaic, Siwaret Arikita,b, Chanate Malumponga,*
ABSTRACT: Local Thai varieties of rice contain high levels of genetic diversity. Thus, understanding the genetic
structure and relationships among local varieties will be useful for parent selection in rice breeding programs. This
study aimed to evaluate the agronomic and genetic variation in a collection of 82 local Thai germplasms from 4 regions
of Thailand. The agronomic traits and the Shannon-Weaver index (H?
) were used to determine phenotypic diversity.
In addition, a set of 82 diverse local varieties were genotyped using 75 SNP markers to assess the structural analysis
and phylogenetic tree. The results showed that phenotypic variation among 82 varieties was found in all traits. Most
local Thai varieties were photosensitive varieties, the plant height was tall to very tall (> 140 cm), the panicle number
was low (10?20 panicles), the panicle length was long (> 25 cm), and the grain shape was slender. A moderate H?
index was found for panicle number, panicle length, and grain weight. The structural analysis was classified into 5
subpopulations. It was clear to separate glutinous rice (group II) and non-glutinous rice (group I, III, IV, and V). In
addition, it is sufficient to be able to differentiate by region in some groups, but it cannot be classified according to the
ecology (upland and lowland) and grain shape. Moreover, the results of the phylogenetic tree were associated with the
analysis of the structure. Therefore, local Thai rice varieties may be beneficial in terms of rice germplasm that can be
used in breeding programs.
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| a |
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University,
Nakhon Pathom 73140 Thailand |
| b |
Rice Science Center & Rice Gene Discovery Unit, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Sean Campus,
Nakhon Pathom 73140 Thailand |
| c |
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900 Thailand |
* Corresponding author, E-mail: agrcnm@ku.ac.th
Received 27 Sep 2022, Accepted 4 Jul 2023
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