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ScienceAsia (): 67-73 |doi: 10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874...067


Mouthpart deformities in non-biting midge larvae from a cadmium contaminated stream in Northern Thailand


Pimchanoke˙Weeraprapana, Somporn˙Chantaraa,b, Munetsugu˙Kawashimaa, Weerasak˙Roongruangwonga,c, Rungnapa˙Tagund, Chitchol˙Phalaraksha,c,*

 
ABSTRACT:     Deformities in the mouthparts of non-biting midge larvae, particularly in the teeth of the mentum, were studied in cadmium polluted areas in Mae Tao Stream, Mae Sot District, Tak Province, Northern Thailand. Non-biting midge larvae were sampled together with water and sediment from 4 study sites: sites MT1 and MT2 were upstream to a zinc mine and unpolluted by cadmium; sites MT3 and MT4 were downstream and polluted with cadmium. From the water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, nitrate-nitrogen, ammonia-nitrogen, and orthophosphate, the stream water quality was classified as moderately clean. The cadmium concentrations MT3 and MT4 exceeded the European maximum permissible level of 3.0˙mg/kg for agricultural soil. A total of 3067 larvae and 21 taxa representing 3 subfamilies (Chironominae, Orthocladiinae, and Tanypodinae) from the four sampling sites were screened for mentum deformities. The results indicated that the deformity incidence of larvae was 5% at MT3 and MT4 and 0.20% at MT1 and 0.75% at MT2. Hence the mouthpart deformities of non-biting midge larvae could be potentially used as a bio-indicator for cadmium pollution.

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a Environmental˙Science˙Program, Faculty˙of˙Science, Chiang˙Mai˙University, Huay˙Kaew˙Road, Chiang˙Mai˙50200˙Thailand
b Department˙of˙Chemistry, Faculty˙of˙Science, Chiang˙Mai˙University, Huay˙Kaew˙Road, Chiang˙Mai˙50200˙Thailand
c Department˙of˙Biology, Faculty˙of˙Science, Chiang˙Mai˙University, Huay˙Kaew˙Road, Chiang˙Mai˙50200˙Thailand
d Department˙of˙Biology, Faculty˙of˙Science˙and˙Technology, Chiang˙Mai˙Rajabhat˙University, Chang˙Phuak˙Road, Chiang˙Mai˙50300˙Thailand

* Corresponding author, E-mail: chitcholp@gmail.com

Received 20 Oct 2017, Accepted 31 Jan 2018